What indicates that the nosewheel steering limit has been exceeded?

The correct answer highlights that the system utilizes both a Crew Alerting System (CAS) message and a visual indication, often represented by a pin. When the nosewheel steering limit is exceeded, the CAS provides immediate feedback to the pilot by displaying a specific alert message related to nosewheel steering limitations. This message ensures that the crew is aware of potential handling issues or safety concerns during operations.

Additionally, the visual indicator, such as a pin, serves as a tangible reference that visually alerts the crew that the steering parameters are outside the normal limits, enhancing situational awareness. Together, these two notifications facilitate quick recognition and response, enabling the crew to manage the aircraft more effectively during critical moments.

The other options do not accurately represent the mechanism used for indicating that the nosewheel steering limit has been exceeded. They may involve different types of alerts that are not specifically related to nosewheel steering, hence their inapplicability in this context.